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Bell's father , grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications , hydrofoils , and aeronautics.

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Bell also had a strong influence on the National Geographic Society [ 11 ] and its magazine while serving as its second president from to Beyond his work in engineering, Bell had a deep interest in the emerging science of heredity. Bell's most notable contribution to basic science, as distinct from invention. Bell was born in Edinburgh , Scotland , on March 3, He had two brothers: Melville James Bell — and Edward Charles Bell — , both of whom died of tuberculosis.

As a child, Bell displayed a curiosity about his world; he gathered botanical specimens and ran experiments at an early age. His best friend was Ben Herdman, a neighbor whose family operated a flour mill. At the age of 12, Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes, creating a simple dehusking machine that was put into operation at the mill and used steadily for a number of years.

From his early years, Bell showed a sensitive nature and a talent for art, poetry, and music that his mother encouraged.